The United States Postal Service has been using OCR machines to sort mail since 1965 based on technology devised primarily by the prolific inventor Jacob Rabinow. The product became part of the RCA product line as a reader designed to process "Turn around Documents" such as those Utility and insurance bills returned with payments. The readers processed document at a rate of 1,500 documents per minute, and checked each document, rejecting those it was not able to process correctly. This reader was followed by a specialised document reader installed at TWA where the reader processed Airline Ticket stock. The reader was connected directly to an RCA 301 computer (one of the first solid state computers). The font used on the documents were printed by an RCA Drum printer using the OCR-A font. In about 1965 Reader's Digest and RCA collaborated to build an OCR Document reader designed to digitise the serial numbers on Reader's Digest coupons returned from advertisements. IBM and others were later licensed on Shepard's OCR patents. Other systems sold by IMR during the late 1950s included a bill stub reader to the Ohio Bell Telephone Company and a page scanner to the United States Air Force for reading and transmitting by teletype typewritten messages. The second system was sold to the Standard Oil Company for reading credit card imprints for billing purposes. The first commercial system was installed at the Reader's Digest in 1955. Shepard then founded Intelligent Machines Research Corporation (IMR), which went on to deliver the world's first several OCR systems used in commercial operation. Shepard, a cryptanalyst at the Armed Forces Security Agency in the United States, addressed the problem of converting printed messages into machine language for computer processing and built a machine to do this, reported in the Washington Daily News on 27 April 1951 and in the New York Times on 26 December 1953 after his U.S. Tauschek's machine was a mechanical device that used templates and a photodetector. In 1935 Tauschek was also granted a US patent on his method (U.S. In 1929 Gustav Tauschek obtained a patent on OCR in Germany, followed by Handel who obtained a US patent on OCR in USA in 1933 (U.S. Some systems are capable of reproducing formatted output that closely approximates the original scanned page including images, columns and other non-textual components. "Intelligent" systems with a high degree of recognition accuracy for most fonts are now common. OCR systems require calibration to read a specific font early versions needed to be programmed with images of each character, and worked on one font at a time. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and computer vision. OCR makes it possible to edit the text, search for a word or phrase, store it more compactly, display or print a copy free of scanning artifacts, and apply techniques such as machine translation, text-to-speech and text mining to it. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerize a record-keeping system in an office, or to publish the text on a website. Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text.
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